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What should the design of an up-to-date community or technical college/institute be in the 21st century? How should it be organised? What should the facility look like? Who should be employed? How should the institution be financed? These are the questions that this paper addresses. It offers a design process with design specifications and suggestions for improving existing institutions in the United States. This process takes into account the individual institution’s current design and local context. Show less

Manning summarises the outcomes of the project INTEQUAL. INTEQUAL was carried out with the financial support of the European Commission in the framework of the Leonardo da Vinci Programme. This paper begins with a comparative analysis of national schemes of dual qualification. This is followed by a more detailed investigation of three transnational issues of dual qualification. They are: (1) integrated learning processes; (2) supporting transitions to higher education; and (3) tracing careers. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the potential for collaborative research under the Leonardo da Vinci Programme. Show less

The Ten-Year Compulsory Education Program (TYCEP) is the present educational reform plan in the technical vocational education system of Taiwan. This study investigates the feasibility of the program based on a literature review and data collected from questionnaires. It aims to outline the current situation, discuss factors that influence the project, offer suggestions for improving the program and to test the appropriateness of TYCEP for the educational reform process. Show less

This paper examines the changes made to the curriculum as a result of the reform of the structure of and the diplomas awarded in the Finnish vocational education system in 1995. By examining the different fields of study and the most common diplomas awarded, a body of data was collected with the aim of charting the views held by principals, teachers and students. The study aims to assess how well the reformed curricula worked out but it must be noted that this evaluation is based on only one years experience of the curriculum reform. Show less

Due to the illiteracy rate in the Sudan (59 per cent among males and 80 per cent among females) a Higher Council for Adult Education was established in 1967. Adult education curriculum has undergone many changes to improve the attendance rate at classes. Two years ago a pilot project was established to eradicate illiteracy and equip adults with the skills needed to improve their standard of living. It was a joint venture between the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Social Planning. The purpose of this paper is to describe this venture, the obstacles encountered and the benefits. Show less

One solution to reduced resources is to train the students to become better learners. This paper discusses the Expert Learners Workshops Project at the College of Higher Vocational Studies, City University of Hong Kong. The learning and study strategies of the highest achieving students were studied. The research results have led researchers to re-evaluate the role of motivation in student achievement. A series of workshops were created to train students in the College to become better learners. The results of the study and the implications are addressed in this paper. Show less

This paper is focused on identifying and delineating teachers’ involvement in and contributions to the school-to-work transition. It focuses on what teachers need to conduct successful school-to-work transition efforts. A number of questions were asked. What teacher activities contribute to school-to-work success? What characteristics must teachers have to conduct successful school-to-work programs? Teacher contributions were organised into ten themes that focused on a wide range of school-based, work-based, and linking activities. Twelve themes were identified that reflected characteristics teachers should have to conduct successful school-to-work programs. A matrix is used to reflect how teacher contributions and characteristics interface to identify teachers’ needs. Implications for changes to professional programs are provided. Show less

In Hong Kong and internationally, there should be qualification frameworks that set out clearly the overlap of higher vocational qualifications with academic qualifications. This is important for international recognition and for portability as well as for standards and labour market considerations. This paper starts with a review of higher vocational education in Hong Kong. This provides the context for the suggestion that some degrees be renamed to take into account the overlap between academic qualifications and professional qualifications. Show less

This keynote paper suggests a multi-dimensional approach is necessary to meet the challenges of the 21st century and to prepare a coherent technical and vocational education and training (TVET) strategy. The author uses examples from the Far East to discuss: (1) emerging trends in TVET; (2) new demands on TVET teacher education and training, particularly the role of distance education; (3) key strategies for the future; and (4) the need for international and national cooperation. Show less

This exploration of the nature of future challenges for vocational and technical education in Taiwan also examines measures that may be used to meet these challenges. Both internal and external factors are identified and discussed. Show less